The city arose in response to the problems caused by the industrial age. Hilberseimer's Decentralized City was published for the first time in The New City magazine in 1944. Each block, of 100 x 600 m, provides housing for 9,000 people and 90,000 m 2 of business space. The city houses 120 blocks ordered in 12 x 10. The project of the High Rise City was considered by Hilberseimer to be an authentic vertical city. As in medieval cities in which living and working took place in the same building, in the High Rise City the activities were organized vertically in it and both systems of circulations, the vertical and the horizontal, went from home to work. The city is based on a unit that contains a community. The city should be the base of the organization and the states should be organized into larger units. His proposal was conceived for a system with a strong central power, the city being the center of said power. The housing block replaces the individual housing, so that the importance of the collective exceeds the individual. The idea of Hilberseimer for the city was based on a scheme of organization of relations between parts. The High Rise City was a model based on practical aspects, designed in terms of the existing technology, as well as the economy and the social context. This project was probably Hilberseimer's best known. It were these circumstances that made him dedicate his efforts to solve those problems, thus emerging his project of the Hochhausstadt (High Rise City). From this study he deducts that in spite of solving the problem of housing in the surrounding area, the traffic problem continues to exist. The architect studied different solutions for the problem of traffic in the Unite dStates, such as the proposal of elevated streets, being influenced by satellite cities, which he had studied and analyzed. Here, Hilberseimer raised his principles on architecture and city planning. In 1924 Hilberseimer designed the High Rise City, published in 1927 in his book Großstadtarchitektur. The interior layout of the apartments was designed so that the rooms faced the patio and the living room and the stairs gave onto the street, allowing cross ventilation. These apartments had always the same size and space, regardless of whether it had a street or a courtyard in between, and they were always located taking into account the orientation of the sun, facing east and west. The shorter sides of each block include shops and offices, with the apartments on the longer sides of the 5-story buildings. Each block has an approximate size of 40 x 330 meters. The city consisted of 72 blocks arranged in 12 x 6 with approximately 1750 people per block. The residential city is a model for a satellite city of 125,000 inhabitants, linked to a metropolitan transport network and with residence as the main theme. Similarly in the scheme of the metropolis, Hilberseimer was interested in the residential building as the most common way of living in German cities. In 1925 Hilberseimer published his design of a Wohnstadt (Residential City), dating its development in 1923. The architect and urban planner superficially addressed the issues that worried Walter Gropius at that time, both in his activity as an architect and his position in the Bauhaus. These ideas would cristalize into his conception of the New City, which would reach its full development during his American exile.Īs for the criticisms and articles that Hilberseimer wrote, those where he attacked the architects for not being able to adapt to the serial industrial production that would prevail in the future stand out. This would lead him to develop a review of his previous research on the modern metropolis, transforming it into a less dense model, more diffuse and integrated in the territory. Hilberseimer tries to generate proposals, in order to adapt to the European social changes of the time. These works allow us to discover a careful project methodology, based on abstraction. (1) Until the late 1920s, Hilberseimer would not revise his first urban models, such as the Wohnstadt (Residential City) in 1923 or the Hochhausstadt (Vertical City) in 1924. Hilberseimer finished his studies in 1911 which is when he began his work as a writer and architecture critic. His writings would be key in popularizing Mies van der Rohe, with whom he worked in the founding of the "November Group" and the "Albeitsrat für Kunst".
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